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Hagia Sophia (from the Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, "Holy Wisdom"; Latin: Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia; Turkish: Aya Sofya) is a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, and now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. From the date of its dedication in 360 until 1453, it served as the cathedral of Constantinople, except between 1204 and 1261, when it was converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral under the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople of the Western Crusader established Latin Empire. The building was a mosque from 29 May 1453 until 1931, when it was secularized. It was opened as a museum on 1 February 1935.[1]
The Church was dedicated to the Logos, the second person of the Holy Trinity,[2] its dedication feast taking place on December 25, the anniversary of the incarnation of the Logos in Christ.[2] Although it is sometimes referred to as Sancta Sophia (as though it were named after Saint Sophia), sophia is the phonetic spelling in Latin of the Greek word for wisdom - the full name in Greek being Ναός τῆς Ἁγίας τοῦ Θεοῦ Σοφίας, "Church of the Holy Wisdom of God".[3][4]
Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have "changed the history of architecture."[5] It was the largest cathedral in the world for nearly a thousand years, until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520. The current building was originally constructed as a church between 532 and 537 on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian and was the third Church of the Holy Wisdom to occupy the site, the previous two having both been destroyed by rioters. It was designed by the Greek scientists Isidore of Miletus, a physicist, and Anthemius of Tralles, a mathematician.[6]
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For more historical photos from Turkey please see these previous articles:
Mount Nemrud, East Central Turkey
Meryemana - the House of the Virgin Mary, Selcuk, Turkey.
The Church of St. Nicholas, Demre, Turkey
The Gymnasium at Sardis, Western Turkey.
The Temple of Artemis at Sardis, Western Turkey
Karatay Kervansaray, Kayseri, Central Turkey
Karanlik Kilise - The Dark Church, Goreme, Cappadocia, Turkey
Chapel of St. Basil, Goreme Open Air Museum, Cappadocia, Turkey
Chapel of St. Barbara, Goreme Open Air Museum, Cappadocia, Turkey
Derinkuyu Underground City, Cappadocia, Turkey
